Dangerous chemicals are essential material materials for the national economy and people's livelihood. However, due to its physical and chemical properties such as flammability, explosiveness, and high toxicity, any slight carelessness during production, storage, and transportation can lead to accidents, causing incalculable losses to the lives and property of the country and the people. Therefore, fully understanding and recognizing the physical and chemical properties of hazardous chemicals, and systematically mastering emergency response methods for dangerous goods transportation are of great significance for enhancing the safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of personnel engaged in dangerous goods transportation vehicles.
Sodium Metal (SODIUM)
Main purpose:Used for manufacturing sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and dye intermediates. Pharmaceutical intermediates, sponge titanium, and various chemical drugs or reducing agents.
danger:4.3 Flammable materials in contact with moisture.
Invasion route:Inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazards:Sodium is an alkali metal that can corrode the human body. It is prone to oxidation and spontaneous combustion in the air, and the smoke produced by combustion (mainly containing sodium oxide) has a corrosive and highly irritating effect on the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. Contact with damp skin or clothing can ignite, release heat and generate sodium hydroxide, which is highly corrosive and can cause chemical or thermal burns. Eye contact can cause serious eye burns.
Environmental hazards:It is not harmful to the environment itself, but when burned, it produces smoke and dust, causing harm to the surrounding environment.
Explosive hazard:In direct contact with air, it reacts with oxygen and water in the air, undergoes violent reactions when in contact with water, produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, and undergoes combustion or explosion. It can burn violently in chlorine and fluorine, with a yellow flame that reacts with acid to produce corresponding salts and hydrogen gas, and can immediately ignite and explode. It can react violently with oxidants and has strong corrosiveness and irritation.
First-aid measures
Skin contact:Rinse with plenty of water for 20-30 minutes. If you feel uncomfortable, seek medical attention.
Eye contact:Immediately lift your eyes and face, rinse with plenty of water for 20-30 minutes. If you feel uncomfortable, seek medical attention.
Inhalation:Quickly evacuate the scene to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, immediately perform artificial respiration. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion:Rinse your mouth with water and drink milk or egg whites. If you feel unwell, seek medical attention.
Fire protection measures
Dangerous characteristics:The chemical reaction activity is very high, and it will burn in oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine vapors. Reacts violently with water or moisture, releasing hydrogen gas, sodium hydroxide, and a large amount of heat, causing combustion or explosion. Exposure to air and oxygen can self ignite and explode, causing the molten material to splash. Reacts violently with halogens, phosphorus, many oxides, oxidants, and acids, and burns with a yellow flame. Evaporation begins at 100 ℃, and the steam is corrosive and can corrode glass. Harmful combustion products: NA2O, NA2O2.
Fire extinguishing methods and agents:Do not use water. Carbon dioxide, foam, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate are used as fire extinguishing agents. Used for extinguishing fires with dry graphite powder, sodium chloride (dry powder), sodium carbonate dry powder, calcium carbonate dry powder, dry sand, etc. Fire extinguishing precautions: It is strictly prohibited to use water to extinguish fires. Various protective equipment must be equipped during firefighting, especially chemical safety goggles.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Emergency Management:Isolate the contaminated area, restrict access, and cut off the source of fire. Emergency responders should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and firefighting protective clothing, and avoid direct contact with leaked materials.
Minor leakage:Avoid dust, store in metal containers and keep in kerosene or paraffin oil.
Massive leakage:When there is no combustion, cover with flame-retardant tarpaulin or dry soda ash, sodium chloride (dry powder), or dry sand to reduce splashing or scattering. Remove under expert guidance.
Elimination method:Cover with dry soda ash, sodium chloride (dry powder), and dry sand or use an alkali metal fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, then scoop into a dry metal container and cover with dry soda ash, sodium chloride (dry powder), and dry sand. Immediately contact the manufacturer for handling.
Environmental protection measures:Adequate paraffin oil leakage protection devices should be installed at the work site.
Storage precautions
(1) Store in a warehouse that is fire-resistant, waterproof, moisture-proof, dry, cool, and well ventilated; Isolate heat sources and sources of fire.
(2) The warehouse should be regularly inspected and ventilated, with a temperature not exceeding 30 ℃ and a relative humidity not exceeding 75%. Protect from direct sunlight. In summer or rainy season, the warehouse should be sealed and measures such as placing calcium chloride, quicklime, or using a dehumidifier to absorb moisture should be taken.
(3) Store according to the prescribed quantity, and remember to store flammable materials, oxidants, and other prohibited items.
(4) Regularly inspect the packaging for any damage, moisture absorption, or oxidation of sodium ingots.
(5) Arrange items neatly and leave inspection and handling channels.
(6) Adopt explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to generating sparks.
(7) The storage area should be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment and suitable materials to contain leaks.
Transportation precautions
(1) Transport vehicles must have prominent safety signs and be equipped with measures to remove static electricity. When entering the storage area, the exhaust pipe must have a flame retardant device.
(2) The carriage must be covered with tarpaulin and securely fastened, and the tarpaulin should have the conditions of fire prevention, waterproofing, and sun protection.
(3) During transportation, collision, friction, and strong vibration are strictly prohibited.
(4) It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport with oxidants, acids, halogens, chemicals, etc. There should be no accumulated water in the carriage.
(5) During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container is leak free, does not collapse or fall, and to prevent damage to the packaging bags and containers. Measures should also be taken to prevent exposure to direct sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. When stopping midway, one should stay away from sources of fire and heat. When transporting by ship, it is necessary to ensure dryness and have good waterproof and rain resistant facilities. The vehicle should be thoroughly cleaned after transportation. It is prohibited to slip during railway transportation.
(6) The vehicle is equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks, and there are escort personnel.
(7) Water transportation shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals.
